Faq

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Base oil groups

Mineral oil term is used to encompass lubricating base oil derived from crude oil. The American Petroleum Institute (API) designates several types of lubricant base oil:^[2]

Group I – Saturates < 90% and/or sulfur> 0.03%, and Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) viscosity index (VI) of 80 to 120

Manufactured by solvent extraction, solvent or catalytic dew-axing, and hydro-finishing processes. Common Group I base oil are 150SN (solvent neutral), 500SN, and 150BS (bright stock)

Group II – Saturates > 90% and sulfur < 0.03%, and SAE viscosity index of 80 to 120

Manufactured by hydro cracking and solvent or catalytic dew-axing processes. Group II base oil has superior anti-oxidation properties since virtually all hydrocarbon molecules are saturated. It has water-white color.

Group III – Saturates > 90%, sulfur < 0.03%, and SAE viscosity index over 120

Manufactured by special processes such as isohydromerization. Can be manufactured from base oil or slax wax from dew-axing process.

Group IV – Polyalphaolefins(PAO)
Group V – All others not included above such as naphthenics, PAG, esters.

The lubricant industry commonly extends this group terminology to include:

Group I+ with a Viscosity Indexof 103–108
Group II+ with a Viscosity Index of 113–119
Group III+ with a Viscosity Index of at least 140

Lubricants perform the following key functions:

Keep moving parts apart
Reduce friction
Transfer heat
Carry away contaminants & debris
Transmit power
Protect against wear
Prevent corrosion
Seal for gases
Stop the risk of smoke and fire of objects
Prevent rust.